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Understanding Global Change

Discover why the climate and environment changes, your place in the Earth system, and paths to a resilient future.

Understanding Global Change

Discover why the climate and environment changes, your place in the Earth system, and paths to a resilient future.

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Home → What is Global Change → Causes of Global Change

Causes of Global Change

Human activities are rapidly changing in the rate and magnitude of Earth system processes, and have resulted in observable, measurable changes in the Earth system, especially over the last 150 years. Rapid non-human causes change, such as meteorite impacts and major volcanic eruptions are rare, but when they do happen they can have catastrophic consequences throughout the Earth system. Some of the non-human causes of change affect the Earth on timescales of tens of thousands to millions of years, and do not explain the rapid global changes we are observing today.

Click the icons below to learn more about the human and non-human causes of global change. Each page links to related topics on the UGC Infographic. Sort the icons by human and non-human causes by clicking the buttons below.

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  • Human causes
  • Non-human causes

UGC infographic that highlights agricultural activities as human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Agricultural activities

UGC infographic that highlights the burning of fossil fuels as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Burning of fossil fuels

UGC infographic that highlights deforestation and reforestation as human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Deforestation / reforestation

UGC infographic that highlights the distribution of oceans and continents as non-human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Distribution of continents and oceans

UGC infographic that highlights Earth's spin, tilt, and orbit as non-human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Earth’s spin, tilt and orbit

UGC infographic that highlights fishing and hunting as human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Fishing and hunting

UGC infographic that highlights freshwater use as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Freshwater use

UGC infographic that highlights habitat loss and restoration as human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Habitat loss / restoration

UGC infographic that highlights innovation as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Innovation

UGC infographic that highlights invasive species as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Invasive species

UGC infographic that highlights meteorite impacts as non-human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Meteorite impact

UGC infographic that highlights mountain building as a non-human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Mountain building

UGC infographic that highlights pollutants and waste as human causes of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Pollutants and waste

UGC infographic that highlights population growth as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Population growth

UGC infographic that highlights renewable energy as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Renewable energy

UGC infographic that highlights resource extraction as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Resource extraction

UGC infographic that highlights urbanization as a human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Urbanization

Graph plotting sunspot number between the years 1610 and 2010. There is no overall increase or decrease in the number of sunspots over the entire period. Instead, the number of sunspots cycles on an approximately yearly basis, with a low point between zero and 10 and a high point between roughtly 100 and 300 each cycle. However, the Maunder Minimum (1650-1710) is a time period with very few sunspots (often near zero).

Volcanism

UGC infographic that highlights solar radiation as a non-human cause of global change. Click to see full infographic.

Solar radiation

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